accompanied by his fellow-Lazarist
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Evariste Regis Huc, or Abbe Huc, (1813 - 1860) was a French missionary traveller,1.85英雄合击传奇私服, famous for his accounts of China, Tartary and Tibet. Since the travels of the Englishman, Thomas Manning [ 1 ] , in Tibet (1811-1812) [ 2 ] , no European had visited Lhasa. Huc stimulated European interest in Central Asia and blazed a trail for Asian stuHe was born in Caylus, Tarn-et-Garonne in France on August 1, 1813. When Evariste was twenty-four, he entered the congregation of the Lazarists (also known as Vincentians) at Paris. Shortly after receiving holy orders in 1839, he went out to China. He spent some eighteen months in the Lazarist seminary in Macau preparing himself for the regular work of a missionary and learning the Chinese language. He modified his personal appearance and dress in accordance with Chinese taste, then started from Guangzhou (Canton). He at first superintended a Christian mission in the southern provinces.
Moving on to Beijing (Peking), Huc gained more knowledge of the Chinese language, then settled in the Valley of Black Waters or Hei Shui, 300 miles (480 km) north of Beijing and just within the borders of Mongolia. There, beyond the Great Wall of China,1.85星王传奇, a large but scattered population of native Christians had taken refuge from the persecutions of Jiajing (Kia-king), in an earlier era.
[edit] Tibet
Huc devoted himself to the study of the dialects and customs of the "Tatars," for whom he translated several religious texts. Huc's intention was to travel from China to Lhasa, and from there to India [ 3 ] (much as Hsuan Tsang had travelled via Tashkent, Samarkand and Taxila much earlier, in the 7th century). This work prepared him for his journey to Tibet in 1844 at the instigation of the vicar apostolic of Mongolia. By September, 1844 he reached Dolon Nor and made arrangements for his journey. Soon after, accompanied by his fellow-Lazarist, Joseph Gabet, and a young Tibetan priest who had embraced Christianity, he set out. To escape attention the party assumed the dress of lamas or priests. Crossing the Yellow River, they advanced into the terrible sandy tract known as the Ordos Desert. After suffering dreadfully from want of water and fuel they entered Gansu, having recrossed the flooded Hwang-ho. By January, 1845 they reached Tang-Kiul on the boundary. Rather than take an independent four months journey to Lhasa, they waited eight months for a Tibetan embassy expected to return from Peking. Under an intelligent teacher they meanwhile studied the Tibetan language and Buddhist literature. During three months of their stay they resided in the ancient Kunbum Lamasery, which was said to accommodate 4,000 persons. In late September, 1845 they joined the returning embassy, which comprised 2,000 men and 3,700 animals.
Crossing the deserts of Koko Nor (Qinghai), they passed the great Koko Nor lake, with its island of contemplative lamas. After a difficult journey across snow-covered mountains, they entered Lhasa on January 29, 1846. Favourably received by the regent, they opened a little chapel. They had begun to establish their mission when Qishan, the Chinese resident interceded. During the Opium Wars Qishan, then the governor of Zhili province, had entered into negotiations with Captain Charles Elliot, first at Dagu, then at Canton. His action being disapproved, Qishan had been degraded, sentenced to death, reprieved, then sent to Tibet as imperial commissioner. Sensing the potential trouble if Huc and Gabet were to reach India from Tibet, Qishan expelled Gabet and Huc from Lhasa February 26, 1846 under guard. Following an official inquiry into their motives for being in Tibet, they were officially escorted to Canton in October, 1846.
[edit] Reflections
Abbe Gabet returned to Europe in late 1846 in the company of Alexander Johnston, secretary to John Francis Davis, British minister plenipotentiary to China. Davis reported Gabet's exciting information with its strategic significance about Central Asia to Palmerston. [ 4 ]
Huc remained at Canton for nearly three years, writing his account of travels in China and Central Asia. Souvenirs d'un voyage dans la Tartarie, le Thibet, et la Chine pendant les annees 1844, 1845 et 1846 appeared in Paris in 1850. It was soon published in English,1.85狂雷版本, in 1851. A German translation appeared in Leipzig in 1855, followed by Dutch, Spanish, Italian, Swedish, and Russian editions. [ 5 ] Popular editions followed, including an illustrated, simplified story text for schoolboys. It was abridged and translated by Julie Bedier as High Road in Tartary (1948).
Huc's works are written in a lucid, spicy, picturesque style, securing for them an unusual degree of popularity. However, his esteem for Tibetan manners and religion was not welcomed by his Church: "The late Abbe Huc pointed out the similarities between the Buddhist and Roman Catholic ceremonials with such a naivete, that, to his surprise, he found his delightful 'Travels in Thibet' placed on the 'Index'." [ 6 ]
The Souvenirs is a narrative of a remarkable feat of travel. Huc was unjustly suspected of sensationalizing his travels. Although a careful observer, he was by no means a practical geographer. The record of his travels lacks precise scientific data. The authenticity of Huc's journey was questioned by the Russian traveller, Nikolai Przhevalsky, but vindicated by others [ 7 ] . Of course, both Huc and Gabet had written brief reports of their journey from 1847 on for the "Annales de la Propagation de la Foi" and the "Annales de la Congregation de la Mission". More recently, Huc's writings have been criticized for presenting negative stereotypes of the Chinese.
The sequel, The Chinese Empire (1854) is a more comprehensive compendium of the religion, laws, usages and institutions of China, [ 8 ] followed by a multi-volume history of Christianity in China and Central Asia.
Gabet went on to Rio de Janeiro, where he died soon afterwards. Huc returned to Europe in poor health in 1852. In his last years he took an active role in events in Cochin China [ 9 ] He urged Napoleon III to take action, saying, "The Far East will soon be the theater of great events. If the emperor wills, France will be able to play an important and glorious role there." [ 10 ] Napoleon took the first steps to establish a French colonial influence in East Asia. He launched a naval expedition in 1858 to punish the Vietnamese people for their mistreatment of French Catholic missionaries and demanded that the Vietnamese cede the port of Tourane and the island of Poulo-Condor, under an old treaty of 1787, which had never been used. This eventually led to a full-out invasion in 1861.
Residing in Paris, Huc died on March 31, 1860.
[edit] Works
Huc's letters and memoirs of travel appeared in the Annales de la propagation de la foi and Annales de la Congregation de la Mission, (1847-1850). Collected and annotated edition of 76 letters by Gabet and 98 by Huc in Jacqueline Thevenet, Joseph Gabet, Evariste Huc: Lettres de Chine et d'ailleurs, 1835-1860, Paris, Les Indes Savants (2005) ISBN 2-84654-084-5
Souvenirs d'un voyage dans la Tartarie, le Thibet, et la Chine pendant les annees 1844, 1845 et 1846, 2 vols., Paris, A. LeClere & Co. (1850); reprint (1992); Edition electronique integrale du livre du Pere Huc sur le site de l'Universite du Quebec a Chicoutimi (in French) Omnibus (2001)] ISBN 81-206-0802-X.
English translation, W. Hazlitt, Travels in Tartary, Thibet and China, 1844-1846, 2 volumes. London, Office of the National Illustrated Library, n. d. (1851), 100 engravings on wood. ISBN 0-486-25438-0. Chicago 1898; reprint (1998) ISBN 81-206-1379-1.
Authorized English tr. Mrs. Percy Sinnett, A Journey through Tartary, Thibet, and China during the Years 1844, 1845 and 1846, 2 vols., New York, D. Appleton (1852); London, Longmans (1859). ISBN 1-4021-7879-4.
L'Empire Chinois 2 vols., Paris (1854); The Chinese Empire, forming a sequel to recollections of a journey through Tartary and Thibet. tr. Mrs. Percy Sinnett. London, Longmans (1855).
Christianity in China, Tartary and Thibet, 3 vols., London, Longman, etc., (1857m1858). Le Christianisme en Chine, 4 vols., Paris (1857m1858).
Huc, Evariste Regis (1855). The Chinese Empire: forming a sequel to the work entitled "Recollections of a journey (Vol. 1) London: Longman, Brown, Green,and Longmans. -University of Hong Kong Libraries, Digital Initiatives, China Through Western Eyes
Huc, Evariste Regis (1855). The Chinese Empire: forming a sequel to the work entitled "Recollections of a journey (Vol.2) London: Longman, Brown, Green,and Longmans. -University of Hong Kong Libraries, Digital Initiatives, China Through Western Eyes
Huc, Evariste Regis (1857-58). Christianity in China, Tartary and Thibet (Vol. 1) London: Longman, Brown, Green. -University of Hong Kong Libraries, Digital Initiatives, China Through Western Eyes
Huc, Evariste Regis (1857-58). Christianity in China, Tartary and Thibet (Vol. 2) London: Longman, Brown, Green. -University of Hong Kong Libraries, Digital Initiatives, China Through Western Eyes
Huc, Evariste Regis (1857-58). Christianity in China, Tartary and Thibet (Vol.3) London: Longman,上面还工工整整地写着两行字, Brown, Green. -University of Hong Kong Libraries, Digital Initiatives, China Through Western Eyes
或 神甫于克(1813年至1860年)是 法国滴 传教士 旅内行,她地账户有名 中国, 苦荞麦 跟 西藏.因为英国人得旅行, 托马斯曼宁 [ 一]在西藏(1811年至1812年) [ 2 ] ,不欧洲拜访啦 拉萨.于克刺激欧洲好处 中亚 并开拓得亚洲得研讨线索.
内容
[暗藏]
一 早年生活
2 西藏
3 思考
4 作品
5 参考材料
6 文学
[编纂] 早年生涯
她诞生于 凯吕斯,塔恩加龙省 在法国1813年8月1日.当埃瓦里斯特是2004年,她进入鸟众 遣使 (也称为圣文森特)在 巴黎.不久后收到 神圣哒订单 1839年,她出去 中国.她花鸟一些在遣使神在18个月 澳门 预备为本人哒日常工作和学习滴一堆传教士 中文.她转变她个人滴表面与中国口味依据穿着,然后开端从 广州 (广交会).她在一首superintended 基督教 使命在南部省份.
挪动到 北京 (北京),于克取得拉更多得汉语常识,而后在玄色水域或山谷假寓 喜瑞,300英里(480公里)和只在北京北部滴边界 蒙古.在那里,超出 中国地长城一些本土基督徒大,但疏散滴人口已经采用从危害避难 嘉靖 (起亚王),在较早得时期.
[编辑] 西藏
于克献身地方言和风气研究"鞑靼人,"对她们来讲,她翻译一些宗教书籍.于克滴用意是从中国前往拉萨,并从那里到印度 [ 3 ] (高达 玄奘 曾于通过 塔什干, 撒马尔罕 和 塔克西拉 更早在公元7世纪).这项工作为她筹备给她地旅程 西藏 在1844年在副主教使徒教唆 蒙古.截至今年9月,1844年她达到 多隆也 并部署她得旅程.未几之后,她得同胞遣使得陪伴下, 约瑟夫加韦特,和一群年青得藏族神父谁拥抱得基督教,她动身咯.为啦回避承当器重党得礼...
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